What is Perimenopause?

Perimenopause is the transitional stage leading up to menopause, during which ovarian hormone production becomes increasingly variable and menstrual cycles change. It commonly begins in the 40s and may last several years, although its duration varies between individuals. Changes in cycle length, flow and regularity are often the first clinical signs, and menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, mood changes, brain fog, headaches, joint and muscle aches, vaginal symptoms and changes in sexual function may develop during this time.

Ovulation can still occur during perimenopause, meaning pregnancy remains possible. For women aged 45 years and over with typical symptoms and menstrual changes, perimenopause is generally diagnosed clinically rather than through a single hormone blood test, as ovarian hormone levels can fluctuate substantially during this stage.